The West Nile Virus was first identified in East Africas Country Uganda at the West Nile in 1937. It is a mosquito-borne zoonotic arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae and it is found in temperate and tropical regions of the world. Until the 1994 outbreak in Algeria it occurred only sporadically and was considered a minor risk for humans. In 2012 the virus hit the USA (mostly Texas) and killed 286 people. The West Nile Virus is now considered to be an endemic pathogen in Africa, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe and the United States.
The main mode of WNV transmission is via various species of mosquitoes, the WNV has been found in various species of ticks, but current research suggests they are not important vectors of the virus.
Since there is currently, no vaccine against WNV infection, the best method to reduce the rates of WNV infection is mosquito control by reducing the breeding populations of mosquitoes in public. For individuals the use of mosquito repellent, window screens, avoiding areas with mosquitoes are the best measures to avoid being bitten by an infected mosquito.
In the event of being bitten the incubation time for WNV is typically between 2 and 15 days and this are Signs and West Nile Virus Symptoms:
Flu-like symptoms in addition to a high fever with rash, headache, chills, excessive sweating, weakness, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, drowsiness and pain. Gastrointestinal symptoms that may occur include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and diarrhea.
The West Nile Virus (WNV) can harm in several ways like:
West Nile fever (WNF), which occurs in 20 percent of cases.
West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND), which occurs in less than 1 percent of cases.
West Nile virus encephalitis (WNE)
West Nile meningitis (WNM)
West Nile meningoencephalitis
West Nile poliomyelitis (WNP)
West-Nile reversible paralysis
Nonneurologic complications of WNV infection that may rarely occur include fulminant hepatitis, pancreatitis, myocarditis, rhabdomyolysis, orchitis, nephritis, optic neuritis and cardiac dysrhythmias and hemorrhagic fever with coagulopathy. Chorioretinitis may also be more common than previously thought.
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